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Scratch
Scratch is a high-level, block-based visual programming language and website aimed primarily at children as an educational tool, with a target audience of ages 8 to 16.[9][10] Users on the site can create projects on the website using a block-like interface. Scratch was conceived and designed through collaborative National Science Foundation grants awarded to Mitchel Resnick and Yasmin Kafai.[11] Scratch is developed by the MIT Media Lab and has been translated into 70+ languages, being used in most parts of the world. Scratch is taught and used in after-school centers, schools, and colleges, as well as other public knowledge institutions. As of 15 February 2023, community statistics on the language's official website show more than 123 million projects shared by over 103 million users, and more than 95 million monthly website visits.[12] Overall, more than 1,140,000,000 projects have been created in total, with the site reaching its 1,000,000,000th project on April 12th, 2024. Scratch takes its name from a technique used by disk jockeys called "scratching", where vinyl records are clipped together and manipulated on a turntable to produce different sound effects and music. Like scratching, the website lets users mix together different media (including graphics, sound, and other programs) in creative ways by creating and "remixing" projects, like video games, animations, music, and simulations.[13]
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Pros and Cons using of Scratch

Pros:

◾️Beginner-Friendly: Ideal for young users and beginners with a simple drag-and-drop interface.
◾️Easy to Learn: No coding experience required to start creating basic games and animations.
◾️Visual Programming: Uses blocks instead of text-based code, making it intuitive and easy to understand.
◾️Creative & Fun: Great for making interactive stories, animations, and games in a fun, creative environment.
◾️Community Sharing: You can share your projects online and explore others’ creations.
◾️Free to Use: Scratch is completely free, with no hidden costs or subscriptions.
◾️Cross-Platform: Works in web browsers on any platform (Windows, macOS, Linux) without the need for installation.

Cons:

◾️Limited Advanced Features: Not suitable for creating complex or high-performance games.
◾️Restricted by Blocks: While great for beginners, the block-based system can be limiting for more advanced projects.
◾️Not Ideal for Professional Development: Scratch is not used in the professional game or app development industry.
◾️Basic Graphics and Sound: Limited tools for creating high-quality visuals or sound effects.
◾️Hard to Scale: Projects can become difficult to manage as they grow in complexity.
◾️Lack of Export Options: Scratch doesn’t support exporting games to standalone apps or major game platforms (like consoles).